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Self-help book
A self-help book is one that is written with the intention to instruct its readers on solving personal problems. The books take their name from ''Self-Help'', an 1859 best-seller by Samuel Smiles, but are also known and classified under "self-improvement", a term that is a modernized version of self-help. Self-help books moved from a niche position to being a postmodern cultural phenomenon in the late twentieth century.〔Micki McGee, ''Self-help, Inc.: Makeover Culture in American Life'' (Oxford 2005) p. 11〕
==Early history==
Informal guides to everyday behaviour might be said to have existed almost as long as writing itself. Certainly ancient Egyptian "Codes" of conduct 'have a curiously modern note: "you trail from street to street, smelling of beer...like a broken rudder, good for nothing....you have been found performing acrobatics on a wall!"'.〔A. Rosalie David, ''The Egyptian Kingdoms'' (Oxford 1973) p. 113〕 Indeed, 'some social observers have suggested that the Bible is really the first and most significant and most helpful of self-help books.〔McGee, p. 5〕
In Western culture, a line of descent may be traced back from Samuel Smiles' ''Self-Help'' to when 'the Renaissance concern with self-fashioning produced a flood of educational and self-help materials':〔Frank Whigham/Wayne A. Rebhorn eds., ''The Art of English Poesie'' (New York 2007) p. 33〕 thus 'the Florentine Giovanni della Casa in his book of manners published in 1558 suggests: "It is also an unpleasant habit to lift another person's wine or his food to your nose and smell it"'.〔Erving Goffman, ''Relations in Public'' (Penguin 1971) p. 71〕 The Middle Ages saw the genre personified in ' ''Conduir-amour'' ("guide in love matters")';〔C. G. Jung ed., ''Man and his Symbols'' (London 1978) p. 196〕 while in classical Rome Cicero's "On Friendship" and "On Duties" became 'handbooks and guides...through the centuries'〔H. J. Rose, ''A Handbook of Latin Literature'' (London 1967) p. 184-5〕 - not to mention Ovid's "Art of Love" and "Remedy of Love". The former has been described as 'the best sex book, as valid for San Francisco and London as for ancient Rome', dealing as it does 'with practical problems of everyday life: where to go to meet girls, how to start a conversation with them, how to keep them interested, and...how to be sociable rather than athletic in bed';〔Eric Berne, ''Sex in Human Loving'' (Penguin 1970) p. 226〕 the latter, equally essential, contains 'a series of instructions, as frank as they are ingenious and brilliantly expressed, on falling out of love'.〔Rose, p. 330〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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